Archive 3 · English readings

English texts: sources and translation status

This edition contains 103 country and jurisdiction pages and 175 English document readings. The supplied Voixa logo and the reader layout are retained.

Three clearly labelled source types

Published English reference text: 44 English treaty or protocol PDFs retrieved from Spain’s Ministry of Finance. The Ministry describes these English versions as informational, rather than the official version held by the Foreign Ministry’s Treaty Office. The PDFs are included under english-references/.
Authentic English source: the Montenegro treaty and protocol remain in the authentic English version published by its government.
Unofficial English translation: the remaining 130 publication texts are automatically translated from the Spanish source. They have not undergone a line-by-line legal review.

What was translated

The automatically translated readings cover the extracted source text, including protocols, corrections, related notices, footnotes and tables. They are not summaries. The source files are preserved under sources/. The English text exports are under translations/.

Translation quality and numeric checks

Automatic processing checks that every queued source unit has a non-empty translation. Numeric-token differences are recorded in the translation register: they can arise from reformatted legal citations, spelled-out numbers, OCR errors or translation errors. A structural check is not a legal verification. Always verify rates, dates, negations, article references and the legal effect of a provision against its source before relying on it.

Machine translations use OPUS-MT Spanish–English via CTranslate2 with a tax terminology glossary. These models can misread legal clauses. Translated drafts must not be represented as certified or authoritative English treaty texts.

Scans and source facsimiles

Four publication texts derive from OCR and carry the original OCR warning. Embedded scanned annexes have an additional unverified OCR-based English rendering; their original facsimiles remain available in collapsed source panels. Source OCR errors may affect the translation.

Treaty status and amendments

The treaty-status snapshot remains 24 October 2026. Russia and Belarus have partial-suspension notes; Denmark, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan are historical cases. The new Ukraine treaty is separate from the applicable USSR treaty. Bahrain, Namibia and Syria retain status-only pages because no public full signed text was found.

No new consolidated treaty version has been created. Bilateral protocols, corrections, MLI provisions and their effective dates must be considered together. Links to Ministry synthesised texts are retained as primary-source references; those external PDFs may be in Spanish.

Registers and audit trail

Use

Unpack the archive and open index.html. Search, contents, article links and printing work locally. Internet access is needed only for external source links. The originals are retained as sources, while the document readings in this edition are English.

For the MLI, Articles 1–39 use the authentic English text published by the OECD. The surrounding material and annexed declarations from the Spanish BOE publication retain their separately labelled automatic English translations.